With the recent release of the Manufacturing in 2030 Project survey A Lens on the Future, MLC assembled an expert panel of speakers to discuss the results and bring context to the survey findings.

Moderated by David R. Brousell, the MLC’s Co-Founder, Vice President and Executive Director, the panel included Dennis McRae of West Monroe, Greg Wagner of EY, Chirag Rathi of Infor, and Joe Zakutney of NTT DATA.

Here are ten key takeaways from the discussion:

1. 84% of survey respondents expect an increased pace of digital adoption in the next decade

Dennis McRae, West Monroe’s Senior Partner and Practice Leader, Consumer & Industrial Products, noted that the acceleration rate depends on the size of the company, but he said the biggest thing is if you haven’t started your Manufacturing 4.0 journey in a meaningful way, now is the time to do it to maintain competitiveness.

“One of the first things you can do is really establish a team focused on digital with the right leaders, the right innovators, and also the right disruptors who can really challenge and do what leadership needs to get done,” McRae said.

2. 58% of survey respondents have autonomous factory operations on their radar by 2030

Chirag Rathi, Senior Director, Industry and Solution Strategy at Infor, pointed out that the desire for autonomous operations is not new and that General Motors was talking about this in the 1980s. Citing deep-learning and self-learning algorithms in machine learning, digital twins, blockchain, and autonomous transportation, he sees autonomous operation as a game changer, but he cautioned that full autonomy is unlikely in many circumstances.

“The cost of doing full autonomy in most industrial manufacturing processes might be too high,” he said. “So you will have part autonomy in several manufacturing arenas where the business case makes sense, but it will be a decision made on a case-by-case basis.”

3. 76% believe manufacturing should adopt an AI code of ethics

For Joseph Zakutney, NTT DATA’s Vice President, Manufacturing Industry Consulting and Digital Transformation, thinking about AI’s future means protecting against biases and cyberattacks, while accounting for safety.

“Procedures will need to be put in place to make sure that we’re complying to [a code],” he said. “We need to make sure that the software that we are releasing is fair, reliable, explainable, takes data protection and government regulations into consideration, and is focused on the well-being of society.”

4. Almost half of respondents indicated they expect workforce shortages to continue through 2030

Traditionally, manufacturing doesn’t have the best image according to Greg Wagner, EY’s Data Driven Manufacturing Leader. It is considered dirty, loud, and can be physically intense at times, but Wagner pointed out that those seeking purpose-based work should be attracted to manufacturing. The old adage of “being a cathedral maker and not a bricklayer” fits here, according to Wagner.

“If we change the paradigm and what we’re looking for, the types of job experiences we can give people, and use automation to get rid of some of those menial tasks that people don’t enjoy and free up their capacity to focus on bigger problem solving, it will mean more impactful types of roles,” Wagner said. “That’s going to really start to attract people and start to soften some of that gap we see right now in hiring.”

5. 81% of manufacturers are looking for greater speed and flexibility

When we think about speed and flexibility, what people really want is responsiveness, according to Wagner.

“If we really want to be able to respond quicker, we need to know what’s going on and we need to invest in better end-to-end visibility of what’s happening within our factories and what’s happening across our network so that we can be more adaptive and have the right insights to drive that change,” he said.

McRae added, “There’s a big opportunity for manufacturers in terms of connecting with their customers, building that client experience, and really monetizing a lot of the data that’s already in the business.”

6. By 2030, 50% of respondents believe digital adoption will be a game changer.

For Rathi, we’ll be closer to Industry 5.0 by 2030 with hyper-customization, responsive and distributed supply chains, and business model innovations. In fact, Rathi said we already have the building blocks to make this a reality.

“We have certainly got a lot of the raw materials to make that transformation happen,” he said. “So we will have a lot of transformative changes by that time period.”

7. Digital acumen is important across functions and at various leadership levels

One challenge McRae sees is getting everyone on the same page using the same language so that data assets are understood across company levels by all who manage data and products in the business.

“It’s not just around different levels, but also across functions,” added Wagner, noting that there is a wide array of digital understanding and how those technologies can be applied.

8. Hiring for a digital background versus a subject matter expert depends on the project

“I think we’re seeing the rise of data scientists and citizen data scientists at some organizations. At the same time a lot of data DIY products are becoming available, and they will become more prevalent by 2030, meaning that people with subject matter expertise will be able to basically design and develop their own data science projects,” Rathi said. Because of that, he believes subject matter experts will be in higher demand in most cases vs. data scientists.

9. For companies slowing down their digital projects due to the economy, focusing on specific things can help prevent losing ground

“Digital adoption is really a people play right now,” said Zakutney. “I’d stay focused on people and process, because ultimately, that’s what you’re going to end up automating [when funding comes back].”

“You can’t quit your digital investments,” added McRae. “If you don’t become digital, you’re going to be left behind. At the same time, prioritizing those digital investments specifically around areas that are going to improve your customer experience and take costs out over the next few years are going to help you win.”

10. Beyond the panel discussion, the survey report provides insightful data about the future of manufacturing

The MLC’s Manufacturing in 2030: A Lens on the Future research survey includes front-line insights from over 260 senior manufacturing industry executives, spanning multiple functional roles, and representing large-, medium-, and small-sized manufacturing companies from multiple industry sectors. Armed with this rich combination of real-world predictions and forward-thinking understandings, the MLC hopes that manufacturers can better plan their longer-term future and find ways to enhance their value, competitiveness, and contribution to society. Download the complete survey data and report.

Manufacturing Leadership Journal content and MLC resources are exclusively available to MLC members. Please sign up for an account or log in to view this content.

Data mastery and AI are key drivers for the future of manufacturing, say industry experts during a discussion of the MLC’s new Manufacturing in 2030 Project white paper.

“Manufacturing is poised to unleash the next engine of production,” declared Manufacturing Leadership Council (MLC) Co-Founder David R. Brousell, in his opening remarks at the recent launch of the MLC’s white paper on the future of the industry, Manufacturing in 2030: The Next Phase of Digital Evolution.

The pandemic taught us, noted Brousell, that manufacturing needs to be able to act with greater agility and be better prepared for future disruptions, whatever form they may take. The MLC recognized the urgent need for manufacturers to take a longer view of things to come, he explained. The Manufacturing in 2030 Project has been created to help enable those companies to envision what manufacturing might look like by the year 2030, to better plan their future, and to help their leaders find new ways to enhance value, competitiveness, and their contribution to society.

Brousell was joined by a panel of industry experts from Manufacturing in 2030 Project partners EY, Infor, NTT DATA, and West Monroe, plus MLC Board Vice Chair, Dan Dwight, CEO of the Cooley Group. They went on discuss key highlights from the forward-looking 52-page white paper, which explores the multiple megatrends and industry themes that will dominate the manufacturing world by 2030, from demographic shifts and global economic trends to rapid advances in technology, new approaches to workforce development, and the importance of greater sustainability.

Optimism for the Future

“For me, there are three reasons for optimism about manufacturing’s future,” commented Randal Kenworthy, Senior Partner and Consumer and Industrial Products Practice Leader at West Monroe. “The levels of investment in digital solutions that we are already seeing in manufacturing, the widespread recognition that manufacturing is essential to the future of the U.S. economy, and the opportunity to address one of the most existential challenges facing mankind: climate change. We have to solve this. Failure is not an option.”

“I certainly think digital is going to be the way of operation for survival in the future,” added Baskar Radhakrishnan, Senior Director, Manufacturing Industry Solutions at NTT DATA. Many of today’s factories are almost unrecognizable from the way they were 10 years ago, he observed. “And the industry is only going to continue to evolve. So, I envision future manufacturing organizations to be data driven digital enterprises, fully hyperconnected, with more distributed, agile, and value-driven ecosystems.”

Highlighting the impact of the numerous disruptive forces at play today, Brad Newman, Advanced Manufacturing & Mobility Industry Market Leader, Americas, at EY, noted that, “The collective sum of all those forces is creating a bias for action and a need for change.” The industry already has the building blocks and the technology tools in place today, he continued, “which will help business models to evolve to ensure functions are more connected and help build better and smarter products for people in more sustainable ways. All of this will make the manufacturing industry much more rewarding for all the workers and stakeholders involved.”

The Challenge of Complexity

While the accelerated adoption of ever-more powerful and intelligent digital technologies over the next few years will underpin many of those transformational changes, the huge increase in the volumes of data generated by those technologies will have its own challenges.

“It may take another 10 years to get to real maturity with AI, but that’s the technology we can see being highly important for the future,” commented Andrew Kinder, Senior Vice President International Strategy at Infor. “There are fantastic opportunities around AI and it’s only just beginning. But I think one of the challenges of that transition is that we have to pay more attention to data.”

Traditionally, noted KInder, manufacturing has always talked about people, processes, and technology, but he believes that companies now need to add data to that essential mix. “We’re already good at getting data, at streaming it into data lakes, and we’re getting better at turning it into actionable insights,” he added. “But now we need to focus much more on how we mature our data mastery for the years ahead.”

“But before you get to data mastery,” argued MLC Board Vice Chair, Dwight, “you first have to go from legacy to smart tech. The next phase then gets more complicated as the amount of data compounds and we start to adopt new AI approaches with complex algorithms. To make that work, we first need to develop confidence that the data we are gathering is telling us the right story and that becomes more complex as data volumes increase and spread across the enterprise. To cope with that, manufacturers need to be constantly rethinking their business model.”

And it’s not just about rising complexity within the four walls of the company, added EY’s Newman. “The bigger picture is looking at the end-to-end value chain,” he said. “For example, digitizing the supply chain with more accurate forecasting and optimized planning puts pressure on companies along the chain to catch up. As supply chains become more intelligent and complex, companies will need to be more flexible and agile to create more scalable and responsive digital platforms.”

New Business Models

However, warned Radhakrishnan at NTT DATA, “digital will become yesterday’s advantage if organizations are not thinking about moving to the next level. They must think differently about their transformation initiatives so that the traditional ways of operating become a thing of the past. So, with the people, processes, and digital infrastructures they create using new digital technologies, manufacturers should think about reinventing their business models with outcome-based business models, or usage-based business models, or product as a service, and offering their customers more customized products and services.”

Yet that’s a big step for many manufacturers, noted the MLC’s Brousell, and for some it may be a little scary.

“But to me,” added Cooley’s Dwight, “all manufacturing companies, regardless of their relationship to M4.0, demand reinvention. To rest too firmly on last year’s expectations and commitments, prevents your ability to evolve. As I say all the time, the only constant is change – and I don’t mean incremental change.”

“At Cooley,” he continued, “we went through a deep cultural transformation to break down silos to drive collaboration with the objective to become more adaptive and more agile. But for companies who are not change driven, who have not been investing in digitization, who are not rethinking and reinventing, they are the ones who are failing to see the power of digitization and the power of transforming on a constant basis.”

Leadership Advice for the Future

Brousell concluded the discussion by asking the panel: ”What’s your most important piece of advice for manufacturing leaders as they head to 2030?”

“Put together your strategic vision and plan,” responded Kenworthy at West Monroe, “If you don’t have that strategic vision for 2030, you need to start thinking about it now. That will set your roadmap for your digital roll out and plan for the future.”

“I think there a number of dimensions,“ added NTT DATA’s Radhakrishnan, “Develop a fully integrated strategy with very clear transformation goals; leadership commitment all the way from the Board and CEO to middle management; having the right team of high caliber tech talent and subject matter experts; adopt an agile mindset that will drive the broader adoption of digital technology; track progress and measure well-defined success; and, finally ensure there are business-led, modular, technology and data platforms to enable the real transformation”.

“Leaders also need to focus on people,” suggested Infor’s Kinder. “The talent shortage is global and it’s not going to go away. Technology will help, of course, and there is already a change from location centric, to human centric, so leaders need to focus on the reduction or elimination of any non-value-added tasks when intelligent equipment can do that and leave humans to do the high value decision making work. Focus on the people and bring the people with you.”

“Building a digital business ecosystem is only going to reach its full potential when the entire organization is digitally driven, and driven seamlessly across traditional functional lines,” said Dwight. “As the white paper says: ‘Digital is agnostic about functional boundaries.’ I believe this transformation is going to be the most difficult piece of digital evolution that leaders are going to have to grapple with.”

EY’s Newman also added his final thoughts: “While the future will be centered on cross-industry collaboration,” he observed, “I look forward to seeing the manufacturing industry take the lead when it comes to innovating new business models and engaging ecosystems. I think our ability to do this will wildly change the trajectory of the industry, driving better investments across safety, sustainability, technology, and most importantly, the development of our people.”

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* Download the full MLC White Paper, Manufacturing in 2030: The Next Phase of Digital Evolution

* Listen to the insights shared during the Manufacturing in 2030 White Paper Panel Discussion

Manufacturing Leadership Journal content and MLC resources are exclusively available to MLC members. Please sign up for an account or log in to view this content.

Manufacturing Leadership Journal content and MLC resources are exclusively available to MLC members. Please sign up for an account or log in to view this content.

Manufacturing Leadership Journal content and MLC resources are exclusively available to MLC members. Please sign up for an account or log in to view this content.

Manufacturing Leadership Journal content and MLC resources are exclusively available to MLC members. Please sign up for an account or log in to view this content.

Today’s version of artificial intelligence is at risk of undercutting the power of knowledge.To free this important technology, here are 10 recommendations that will enable AI in manufacturing operations to prosper.   By Jim Davis

Artificial intelligence and machine learning have taken on silver bullet status for advanced manufacturing with entire countries investing in programs and competing for global leadership. This resurgence in interest has been propelled over the past 10 years or so with significant and publicly prominent advances in particular AI areas, notably game playing, robotics, self-driving cars, speech recognition, facial recognition, and many decision systems we experience as consumers of products and services. Of course, the other major factor is today’s access to data management and computational capabilities that simply did not exist a decade ago.

Unprecedented capacity to collect, work with, and manage massive amounts of data are now commonplace with network-based cloud services; graphical processor units, not just CPUs; and, more recently, computationally rich edge-cloud capabilities. Altogether, breakthrough data science, IT infrastructure and methods now exist for learning systems applied to amazingly large data sets. These include deep convolutional neural networks, a host of data clustering approaches, reinforcement learning, recurrent neural networks, and statistical learning.

A particularly important class of AI/ML applications in manufacturing involves measuring the state of an operation, analyzing it, and determining automated and human-centered actions to be taken at the right time. For those of us involved with the early work on this class of AI/ML applications in the 1980’s, we know all too well why the technology did not take off and all but disappeared. We were working with primitive graphics, experimental AI machines, and early object-oriented and AI languages. The web did not yet exist, ERP systems had not come into vogue, and cloud services had not been thought about. On the plus side, cyber security was not yet an issue.

More importantly, manufacturing’s prevailing coding mindset was asset- and operations-oriented. Object-oriented programming did not get any traction (and still has not) as a concept for structuring process knowledge for better usability. Digitization was occurring but digitalization and the data revolution had not begun. The industry just wasn’t ready conceptually, technically, or with adequate infrastructure.

For engineering applications, the term AI literally became a negative in the 1990’s. Those of us who continued in the field disguised our work with terms like Data Analysis and Interpretation and Intelligent Systems. Keep in mind that Smart Manufacturing did not enter the vocabulary of interest until around 2005. Industrie 4.0 in Germany started about the same time under the heading of Smart Factory. What we did do in the 1980’s was learn a lot about the role of domain knowledge and how to use and embed knowledge with ML solutions.

What Has Been Lost 

Fast forward to today, the global resurgence in AI/ML, largely since 2005, is amazing to observe, having advocated for its value for so many years. Furthermore, it is remarkable just how far the processors, tools, platforms, infrastructure and foundational data science have progressed in such a short time in comparison to how constrained we were in the 80’s and 90’s. Notably, this resurgence has produced a large number of software tools and platforms with the critical IT and data science underpinnings that can respond computationally to today’s massive increases in data that are in amounts that far surpass human capability to assimilate.

In an era of IIoT, it is quite possible to quickly and almost randomly apply tools to produce apparently reasonable results with huge data sets. When the covers are peeled back, however, we are seeing AI/ML solutions that are constructed without the needed analysis of the data or the alignment of data with objective. For example, it is easy to construct solutions with the faulty assumptions that there are enough right data, the data contain every scenario of interest, and the algorithm will figure it out. All too often, solutions are re-learning the physics of an operation or are erroneously making decisions keying off noise or overly dominant variables.

Without a thorough grounding in understandablility, AI/ML
approaches will be biased and untrusted, and more likely to fail.

Put more generally, today’s version of AI has undercut the power of knowledge and is over relying on the data tools and data science. This is a trap that has long proved faulty. Furthermore, AI/ML solutions are so focused on the ML aspect that the capacity for cognitive interpretation, explanation, and understandability, which are AI needs and strengths, are essentially missing in action. The reality is that without a thorough grounding in understandability and explainability, AI/ML applications in manufacturing operations are more likely to be biased, brittle, unpredictable, untrusted, difficult to sustain, and much more likely to fail as a result.

In addition, apparently lost is just how much the engineering of an AI/ML solution is a human-centered process, albeit significantly enabled by technology. The industry surely needs to be engaging in the low-hanging fruit opportunities, while it also needs to be wary of a false sense of readiness given the progress with new data capabilities.

Interest Spans Many Levels 

In the space of manufacturing execution and control, applications (measuring state, analyzing, and taking action), there is interest in AI applications spanning all operational levels – device, process, line operation, and supply chain. It is important to consider cognition, explanation and understandability, the need for embedded knowledge, and the requirement to select and contextualize data for objective. When characterized from these perspectives, manufacturing AI application interests include discover, monitor, diagnose, predict, optimize, self-interrogate, customize, and visualize (interoperate with humans). Individually and in combination, all are for the larger purposes of controlling and managing an operation to economic, social, consumption, environmental, and safety objectives that define competitiveness.

In looking to 2030, let’s dust off some of the old lessons learned from the 80’s and 90’s. These characterize aspects to watch out for now and that need attention and development for AI/ML solutions in manufacturing operations to prosper.

1. An AI/ML solution is doomed to failure if the assumption is that the algorithm will figure it out. Also, if you are confused about the problem definition, the system will be too.
2. Cognition, interpretation, understandability, and applied knowledge are key strengths and requirements for AI solutions. Explainable models and models that can explain go hand-in-hand.
3. Use the full span of modeling to include not only ML, first principles, and math modeling but also qualitative modeling and interpretation modeling. Explainable models are hybrid.
4. Be careful not to formulate an AI/ML solution to take on too many decisions with a single method. It won’t be able to do it and you won’t be able to explain it.
5. Formulate AI solutions to align with how operational complexity typically emanates as interactions among simpler elements. Causation is as important as correlation and patterns.
6. AI/ML algorithms that work well for math modeling, such as neural networks and statistical modeling, do not necessarily work well for interpretation. The reverse is true for interpretation modeling.
7. State measurements in time-varying systems involve time-windows applied over time. Interpretation and the role of time need to be engineered carefully with the domain in mind.
8. No ML model ever works without enough of the right data, no matter the volume. It is not possible to circumvent the knowledge and lift needed to contextualize data for an objective.
9. Build infrastructure, technology, and practice for nurturing an AI system for sustainability, learning, unlearning, and continuous improvement. An AI system is a human-centered engineering process.
10. People trust people first, not machines, but also easily over rely on algorithms. Don’t underestimate, be prepared, and engineer AI/ML systems for explaining ethical considerations.

Looking ahead, the great opportunity is to engineer sustainable AI applications that produce understandable and explainable results.

The Limits of Math 

We engineers value our mathematics and there is a very rich arsenal of tools and platforms for processing numeric data and doing mathematical modeling¹. Advances in ML have significantly added to this arsenal. As valuable as the math-based approaches are, they have their limits as higher level considerations and/or greater amounts and breadths of data become of interest. Examples include reasoning about cause and effect, time and workflow, conditional considerations, and combinations of systems. There is also the need to explain predictions, and interface with humans.

In manufacturing, these are problems where there often is not enough of the right data and where interpretation and explanation are not only important, but also take advantage of useful knowledge modeling strategies in the form of decomposition, causality, inference, patterns, clusters, and workflow. Also, physics-based models in qualitative forms can be rigorous and as useful as math-based models.

The good news is that after all these years, AI/ML is poised for success in manufacturing operations. That success will depend on the amount of right data and the right models that address the application of knowledge. CESMII, the Clean Energy Smart Manufacturing Innovation Institute² has, for example, focused considerable effort on infrastructure for managing contextualized data and the development of reusable application profiles which capture critical forms of knowledge and connects them to the contextualized data for operational use.

Looking ahead to 2030, the great opportunity for AI in manufacturing is to be able to engineer sustainable AI applications that produce understandable and explainable results and that can be trusted as a result. New data science-based platforms, tools, and methods are in sight that bring today’s extensive ML capabilities together with the ability to more easily contextualize data to objective, reuse embedded knowledge, and incorporate a far richer array of modeling strategies.   M

1 Consider univariate, probabilistic and multivariate categories of single scale, multiscale, projection-based, kernel-based, partition-based linear and non-linear methods.
2 CESMII is one of the fifteen Manufacturing USA Institutes and is among the five that are sponsored by DOE.

Customized manufacturing is what customers demand, but getting there requires building a connected end-to-end value chain.
   By Shruti Gupta, Jason Alexander and Ron Beck

Advanced technologies have already made their way into industrial supply chains across the globe, transforming all aspects of production and labor. Now, looking forward over the next decade, manufacturers should prepare for a future where customers are increasingly focused on speed, personalization and customization, requiring them to have greater agility and flexibility in order to compete in this new consumer-driven world.

As factories and plant operations become increasingly smarter and automated, and with the increased implementation of 5G, quantum computing and other advanced technologies, manufacturers will be able to take greater advantage of Internet of Things capabilities. This will allow their supply chains to become more streamlined and direct, opening the door for more tailor-made offerings. To take advantage of this shift, companies should start assessing now how they may need to pivot their products and services to thrive in a future in which customization will be key.

We expect the growing prevalence of microfactories around the United States to be of core importance for this vision of the future of manufacturing. By having a greater number of smaller production facilities closer to end-market customers, companies will be able to dramatically reduce the time it takes to get products from inception to the consumer’s doorstep, even when factoring in time for customization. 5G, robotics, artificial intelligence and other highly connected technologies will make all of this possible. As these technologies advance, the end game for many manufacturers will be lights-out microfactories, run remotely with no human presence.

This future of consumerization will require manufacturers to be proactive rather than reactive. Over the next decade, manufacturers will not simply need to examine their value chains to see where new technologies might fit; rather, they will need to redevelop the value chain and operational systems with the end user in mind, based on what advanced technologies make possible.

All of this might seem daunting, especially for companies that are not as far along in their journeys to integrate advanced technologies across their value chains. Below, we examine some of the most important areas businesses should focus on to position themselves for success in this era of bespoke manufacturing.

Microfactories: Streamlining Production 

As manufacturers leverage technology in their processes and supply chains, we expect a more widespread adoption of “lights out” microfactories – completely autonomous and smaller facilities that can help companies save resources, space and the amount of time it takes to get the final product to the consumer, while also supporting the growth of regional manufacturing innovation hubs.

Here’s an example of what this might look like by the end of the decade: A customer could use a mobile app to order a customized automobile, with specifications from the engine to the tires to the color of the lights in the dashboard. That order then launches the production process at whichever one of the company’s microfactories is closest to that customer. The entire process is automated, using additive manufacturing, advanced materials and advanced robots, and can be monitored from anywhere in the world, requiring no human intervention on-site.

Companies should assess now how they may need to pivot their products and services for a future in which customization is key.

Smart technologies will allow delivery from these microfactories to be more automated and streamlined as well – for instance, a company might use an autonomous vehicle to transport the customer to the microfactory to pick up their vehicle, or use an advanced robot to deliver the automobile directly to the consumer. This allows the business to deliver the product on a compressed timeline that has never before been a possibility.

The Connected Digital Infrastructure 

The future holds a completely connected end-to-end value chain with a two-way information exchange supported by powerful communication networks. A robust infrastructure foundation driven by advanced technologies can enable companies to facilitate real-time interactions between factory locations. This allows for greater efficiency, more nimble operations and faster response times for production issues. For instance, companies will be able to anticipate demand disruption earlier, allowing information systems to autonomously check inventories, modify production, and alter pricing and delivery schedules to ensure there is no supply glut and maintain customer expectations.

This is the power of connectivity across factories, markets and logistics, and cloud-based capabilities are central to realizing these possibilities. Cloud technology allows manufacturers to better monitor inventory, supply chains, backlogs, manufacturing schedules, delivery logistics, and other facets of the production cycle in order to provide customers with real-time information throughout the process. The cloud also provides easy access to data that can be shared with partners, which can dramatically shorten the time required to produce tailor-made goods; the era of waiting weeks for a custom product is coming to an end. This use of data can also provide the customer with greater visibility into a process uniquely tailored to them.

The growing adoption of 5G networks is also transforming businesses’ digital capabilities, making once-novel technologies such as Internet of Things devices, 3D printing and robotics more and more commonplace. Companies should constantly seek out new ways to implement these technologies as they evolve and tap into the potential these newer applications have for streamlining customized production.

With powerful connectivity and machine learning advancements, decentralized and autonomous technologies will make processes faster and more efficient. While plenty of questions remain about what this continued evolution of technology will mean for the role of humans in the workforce, we expect machines and workers to continue to have a symbiotic relationship.

The Digital Mandate 

These future scenarios will only be possible if manufacturers embrace technologies such as 3D printing, 5G connectivity, automation, artificial intelligence and machine learning. The consumerization of manufacturing will require manufacturers to shift their mindsets and prioritize customer engagement metrics. Companies will need to center innovation and technology in their business strategy with intention, rather than leaving them as an afterthought. The future holds limitless promise for manufacturing, provided companies are ready to adapt.   M

FOOTNOTES
1 Niall McCarthy,” Rise of the Machines: The Countries with the Highest Density of Robot Workers,” Forbes, Sep 28, 2020, https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2020/09/28/rise-of-the-machines-the-countries-with-the-highest-density-of-robot-workers-infographic/amp
2 Ibid.
3 Emil Protalinski, “Boston Dynamics CEO talks profitability and the company’s next robots,” Venture Beat, Sep 14, 2020, https://venturebeat.com/2020/09/14/boston-dynamics-ceo-profitability-roadmap-next-robots/
4 Manufacturing Leadership Council, “Vision 2020: The Factory of the Future,” 2017. https://www.mljournal-digital.com/meleadershipjournal/ february_2017? pg=25#pg25
5 Art Markman, “How You Define the Problem Determines Whether You Solve It,” Harvard Business Review, June 6, 2017, https://hbr-org.cdn.ampproject.org/c/s/hbr.org/amp/2017/06/how-you-define-the-problem-determines-whether-you-solve-it
6 Manufacturing Leadership Council, “Vision 2020: The Factory of the Future,” 2017.
7 Niall McCarthy,” Rise of the Machines: The Countries with the Highest Density of Robot Workers,” Forbes, Sep 28, 2020, https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2020/09/28/rise-of-the-machines-the-countries-with-the-highest-density-of-robot-workers-infographic/amp/[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]

Prepared for a cyber war? As cybercrime targets proliferate, manufacturers will need an army of cybersecurity experts to repel the hackers. MxD has identified 247 cyber roles that manufacturers need to consider.
   By Chandra Brown

Once cyber attackers successfully penetrated an unnamed German steelmaker’s corporate network with a spear-phishing attack, they were free to roam through the company’s computer systems, including the production network. That’s when the real trouble started.

The hackers knew their way around IT security systems and the specialized software used to operate the plant. After they compromised a number of industrial control systems, including industrial components, the system failures avalanched. Plant operators scrambled to avert catastrophe but were unable to shut down a blast furnace properly, causing massive damage.

This is not the synopsis of a disaster film, but an account of a cyberattack from 2014, according to Germany’s Federal Office of Information Security and reported by BBC News.

As Industry 4.0 increases the digital connectivity of manufacturing, more targets become vulnerable to cyberattacks. There has never been a greater need for an army of cybersecurity experts to protect and defend these networks.
And now consider this: There were about 805,000 cybersecurity experts working in the U.S last year, according to a 2019 ISC2 workforce study. And this: The report said we need 500,000 more.

An Urgent Call to Action 

While the stakes are high and the task is daunting, MxD sees an opportunity as well as a challenge.
We believe that to address the threat posed by cybercrime, we must reimagine cybersecurity. We must enlist the resources, expertise, and innovation found in the public and private sectors to create the infrastructure to train those half-million experts. And more fundamentally, MxD believes manufacturers won’t become truly secure until cybersecurity becomes the responsibility of all employees.

MxD lays out the case for these changes and offers concrete steps companies can take now in our free, downloadable report, “The Hiring Guide: Cybersecurity in Manufacturing.” It outlines the roles that government, academia, and industry can play, and it identifies 247 cybersecurity roles in manufacturing — some current, and some that will be needed in the future.

The report is not a white paper to shelve for later reading. It is a call to action and a blueprint for every manufacturing executive, human resources department, educator, and policymaker interested in cybersecurity.

Time for a New Plan 

In 2018, the Department of Defense designated MxD as the National Center for Cybersecurity in Manufacturing to help create awareness and solutions for manufacturers to handle our unique cybersecurity risks. We took that mandate seriously.

We canvassed our members and asked them what they were worried about. Time and again, we heard, “I know there is a risk, but I don’t know where to start. I don’t know what kind of technology we need, or what types of skills my workforce needs to ensure that my organization is secure. I don’t know the appropriate amount to invest in developing or acquiring these skills.”

Working closely with ManpowerGroup over an intense 10 months, MxD researched the issues and stress-tested solutions. We called in experts from government, particularly the National Institute for Standards and Technology, and combined their perspectives with those from academia and industry to consider not just what is necessary now, but what kind of jobs will be needed in the future.

The Hiring Guide should inform educators at high schools, community colleges, and universities interested in updating curriculum to prepare students for attractive, high-tech careers that will be in high demand.

“There were about 805,000 cybersecurity experts working in the U.S last year, according to a 2019 ISC2 workforce study — and the report said we need 500,000 more.”

Acknowledge Business Realities 

U.S. manufacturing is operating under pressure not seen since the Great Recession, and the uncertainties created by the COVID-19 pandemic make forecasting and planning difficult. Even before the pandemic struck, increasing investment in cybersecurity was complicated by companies not knowing how best to spend the money.

That is why we focused on roles, not jobs, so that manufacturers of any size and level of cyber maturity can begin adapting now to the challenges they face.
The Hiring Guide recommends how to train current workers to handle these new functions and outlines the skills, career paths, and the education they’ll need. The guide also addresses future technology horizons, including AI/machine learning, blockchain, cyber-physical systems integration, 5G networking, cloud and edge computing, and biometrics.

Essential Roles Breakdown 

MxD recognizes that the number of roles — 247 — can by itself be intimidating. We break down the report in a number of ways so users can access the information they find most useful. For instance, the report lists 26 roles deemed immediately critical.
The guide then goes in-depth to fully explore the responsibilities and potential of four roles identified by industry and academia to be especially crucial to the future of cybersecurity. They are:

The Cybersecurity IT/OT Integration Engineer is a primary designer for cross-functional engineering, technical, and operations security programs. As the traditional closed manufacturing environment becomes more interconnected through Internet of Things (IoT) devices, more complicated supply chains, and cloud computing, the need for convergence between information and operation technologies is vital. Securing these networks is even more essential. These engineers assess risk and opportunity at a high level, and then design and implement the needed systems and policies. They are critical players in breaking down barriers between corporate IT and production and bridging various plant/facility operations.

The Secure Design Product Life Cycle Manager is a product-value–driven visionary, orchestrator, advocate, and point of assurance for the secure design and development of a product. As smart toilets perform in-home medical lab tests, ovens are operated remotely, and infant car seats adjust straps automatically for a baby’s weight and height, the need for security continues long after the product leaves the factory floor.

The Supply Network Cybersecurity Compliance Manager recognizes that the supply chain represents a juicy target for hackers. These managers, armed with experience in supply chain management, cyber governance, and procurement management, must deliver on improving the honest collaboration between supplier and contractor communities and manufacturers.

“An important tipping point will come when employees at each step of the manufacturing process – from research and design to supply chain to production and sales, and from the factory floor to the corporate suite – incorporate cybersecurity best practice in their work.”

The Manufacturing Cybersecurity Systems Operator is an entry-level role that serves as the eyes, ears, and voice for Information Technology and Operational Technology. These operators’ primary focus is to monitor, record, detect, and report security system performance and functions, while also bridging gaps between IT and OT, a capability that becomes ever more important as plants upgrade to interconnected machinery, automation, and data-driven operations. This role has great growth potential, providing wide-ranging experience to someone looking to get into cybersecurity or for companies looking to diversify their cyber workforce.

The report not only identifies and describes these roles, but also details key responsibilities, competencies, the experience and education needed, and the business case for each position.

MxD will continue to build out and publish detailed explanations for the rest of the roles on the critical list as partners step forward to help fund the development of those roles.

The Siemens Foundation has been an early partner in funding the development of the in-depth role profiles, and in coming months, we will be updating the Hiring Guide to include several more. Interested foundations and companies are welcome to join us in building out these success profiles.

More Than Just Insurance 

It is easy for CEOs to see their cybersecurity budget as another type of insurance payment, only good in the hopes of blocking an attack or as a hedge against a likely breach. Certainly, the statistics illustrate the stark realities of that view.

• Cybercrime will cost companies $6 trillion globally by 2021, doubled from just five years ago, according to predictions from Cybersecurity Ventures. Manufacturing is the third most common target — and growing quickly.
• Hackers attack every 39 seconds, according to a University of Maryland study.
• Cyberattacks on IoT devices tripled in 2019, according to CSO Online. The average financial impact of such an attack is $330,000, according to the 2019 Deloitte and MAPI Smart Factory Study.

Indeed, cybersecurity could also be considered a business continuity expense, especially for small and mid-sized manufacturers, which employ fewer than 20 people and account for the majority of all firms in the sector. These are the same firms coming under an increasing number of attacks.

“MxD recognizes that the number of roles — 247 — by itself can be intimidating.”

A successful breach or ransomware attack can disrupt or hobble business for days, weeks, or in some cases months, a timeframe that makes even large manufacturers sweat.

Cybersecurity Is Everyone’s Business 

In the process of listening to our members, researching the issues, and developing this report, we discovered there is an equally compelling business decision for manufacturers to build a robust full-cycle cybersecurity system. We believe progressive CEOs, eager to take advantage of exciting new technologies such as virtual and augmented reality, AI, and the immense potential of IoT, will see the competitive advantage their companies can achieve by including cybersecurity in every aspect of their business.

An important tipping point will come when employees at each step of the manufacturing process — from research and design to supply chain to production and sales, and from the factory floor to the corporate suite — incorporate cybersecurity best practices in their work.

It is not hard to envision — if we aren’t there already — that the cybersecurity of commercial devices, the ability to deliver a much-needed product despite a concerted cyberattack, or the care taken to protect a partner’s valuable intellectual property will become central selling points.

MxD stands with manufacturers nationwide and will continue to work with all parties to develop policies and regulations, fortify the educational pipeline, and disseminate best practices so we can begin to turn the tide against cybercriminals.

This report marks just the latest step in MxD’s commitment to its members and the nation. We will build on this foundation and continue to seek out innovative solutions. I want to personally thank our partners at ManpowerGroup and the generous support of the Siemens Foundation that is already making possible follow-up work to update our research in a dynamic and ever-changing field.

MxD helps manufacturers solve problems that are too big for any one company to handle alone. Cybercrime is just such a problem — and it’s going to take the combined efforts of industry, government, and academia to solve. MxD is committed to supporting industry as we define our needs, identify solutions, and build partnerships to tackle this growing threat.

Learn more by downloading the Hiring Guide at www.mxdusa.org/hiringguide. You also can view a related webinar, “Cybersecurity Hiring Guide for Manufacturers,” at this link: https://www.manufacturingleadershipcouncil.com/mxd_hiringguide/.

We urge interested executives, hiring managers, and cybersecurity experts who want more information or to join us in this work to reach out to Lizabeth Stuck, Senior Director of Workforce Development, at [email protected].   M

1 Sath Rao, “Digital Innovation: Scaling for the Fast and Furious Future,” Manufacturing Leadership Journal, April 2020, https://www.manufacturingleadershipcouncil.com/2020/04/10/digital-innovation-scaling-for-the-fast-and-furious-future/
2 Jared Spataro, “2 Years of Digital Transformation in 2 Months,” Microsoft 365 (blog), April 30, 2020, accessed August 10, 2020, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/blog/2020/04/30/2-years-digital-transformation-2-months/
3 Sath Rao, “The Case of the Missing Insights,” Manufacturing Leadership Journal, October 2019, https://www.manufacturingleadershipcouncil.com/2019/10/04/the-case-of-the-missing-insights/
4 Knut Alicke, Richa Gupta and Vera Trautwein, “Resetting Supply Chains for the Next Normal,” McKinsey & Company, July 21, 2020, https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/resetting-supply-chains-for-the-next-normal
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6 Sath Rao, “Digital Innovation.”
7 Fleming Shi, “Threat Spotlight: Coronavirus-Related Phishing,” Barracuda, March 20, 2020, https://blog.barracuda.com/2020/03/26/threat-spotlight-coronavirus-related-phishing/
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9 Sath Rao, “The Case of the Missing Insights.”
10 David Uberti, “How BMW Used Pandemic Plant Stoppages to Boost Artificial Intelligence,” The Wall Street Journal, July 28, 2020, https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-bmw-used-pandemic-plant-stoppages-to-boost-artificial-intelligence-11595939400?mod=djemAIPro
11 Rajesh Devnani and Justin Bean, “Health and Safety of Workers,” Hitachi, https://social-innovation.hitachi/en-us/think-ahead/manufacturing/health-and-safety-of-workers/
12 Chris Walton, “3 Ways Starbucks Will Emerge from COVID-19 Stronger Than Before,” Forbes, April 3, 2020, https://www.forbes.com/siteschristopherwalton/2020/04/03/3-ways-starbucks-will-emerge-from-covid-19-stronger-than-before/#1d89d6641844

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